参考文献

Agresti, A. (1992), "A Survey of Exact Inference for Contingency Tables," Statistical Science, 7(1), 131–177.

Agresti, A. (2002), Categorical Data Analysis, Second Edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Agresti, A. (2007), An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, Second Edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Agresti, A. and Coull, B. A. (1998), "Approximate is Better than "Exact" for Interval Estimation of Binomial Proportions," The American Statistician, 52, 119–126.

Agresti, A., Mehta, C. R., and Patel, N. R. (1990), "Exact Inference for Contingency Tables with Ordered Categories," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 85, 453–458.

Agresti, A. and Min, Y. (2001), "On Small-Sample Confidence Intervals for Parameters in Discrete Distributions," Biometrics, 57, 963–971.

Agresti, A., Wackerly, D., and Boyett, J. M. (1979), "Exact Conditional Tests for Cross-Classifications: Approximation of Attained Significance Levels," Psychometrika, 44, 75–83.

Bangdiwala, S. I. (1988), "The Agreement Chart," Institute of Statistics Mimeo Series No. 1859, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Bangdiwala, S. I. and Bryan, H. E. (1987), "Using SAS Software Graphical Procedures for the Observer Agreement Chart," in Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual SAS Users Group International Conference, Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc., 1083–1088.

Bangdiwala, S. I., Haedo, A. S., Natal, M. L., and Villaveces, A. (2008), "The Agreement Chart as an Alternative to the Receiver-Operating Characteristic Curve for Diagnostic Tests," Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 61, 866–874.

Barker, L., Rolka, H., Rolka, D., and Brown, C. (2001), "Equivalence Testing for Binomial Random Variables: Which Test to Use?," The American Statistician, 55, 279–287.

Berger, J. O. (1985), Statistical Decision Theory and Bayesian Analysis, Second Edition, New York: Springer-Verlag.

Birch, M. W. (1965), "The Detection of Partial Association, II: The General Case," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, B, 27, 111–124.

Bishop, Y., Fienberg, S. E., and Holland, P. W. (1975), Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and Practice, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Bowker, A. H. (1948), "Bowker’s Test for Symmetry," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 43, 572–574.

Breslow, N. E. (1996), "Statistics in Epidemiology: The Case-Control Study," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 91, 14–26.

Breslow, N. E. and Day, N. E. (1980), Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Volume I: The Analysis of Case-Control Studies, IARC Scientific Publications, No. 32, Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Breslow, N. E. and Day, N. E. (1987), Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Volume II: The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, IARC Scientific Publications, No. 82, Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Bross, I. D. J. (1958), "How to Use Ridit Analysis," Biometrics, 14, 18–38.

Brown, L. D., Cai, T. T., and DasGupta, A. (2001), "Interval Estimation for a Binomial Proportion," Statistical Science 16, 101–133.

Brown, M. B. and Benedetti, J. K. (1977), "Sampling Behavior of Tests for Correlation in Two-Way Contingency Tables," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 72, 309–315.

Chan, I. S. F. (1998), "Exact Tests of Equivalence and Efficacy with a Non-Zero Lower Bound for Comparative Studies," Statistics in Medicine, 17, 1403–1413.

Chan, I. S. F. (2003), "Proving Non-Inferiority or Equivalence of Two Treatments with Dichotomous Endpoints Using Exact Methods," Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 12, 37–58.

Chan, I. S. F. and Zhang, Z. (1999), "Test-Based Exact Confidence Intervals for the Difference of Two Binomial Proportions," Biometrics, 55, 1202–1209.

Chow, S., Shao, J., and Wang, H. (2003), Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Cicchetti, D. V. and Allison, T. (1971), "A New Procedure for Assessing Reliability of Scoring EEG Sleep Recordings," American Journal of EEG Technology, 11, 101–109.

Clopper, C. J., and Pearson, E. S. (1934), "The Use of Confidence or Fiducial Limits Illustrated in the Case of the Binomial," Biometrika 26, 404–413.

Cochran, W. G. (1950), "The Comparison of Percentages in Matched Samples," Biometrika, 37, 256–266.

Cochran, W. G. (1954), "Some Methods for Strengthening the Common Tests," Biometrics, 10, 417–451.

Collett, D. (1991), Modelling Binary Data, London: Chapman & Hall.

Cohen, J. (1960), "A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales," Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 37–46.

Dimitrienko, A., Molenberghs, G., Chuang-Stein, C., and Offen, W. (2005), Analysis of Clinical Trials Using SAS: A Practical Guide, Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Drasgow, F. (1986), "Polychoric and Polyserial Correlations" in Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, vol. 7, ed. S. Kotz and N. L. Johnson, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 68–74.

Dunnett, C. W., and Gent, M. (1977), "Significance Testing to Establish Equivalence Between Treatments, with Special Reference to Data in the Form of Tables," Biometrics, 33, 593–602.

Farrington, C. P., and Manning, G. (1990), "Test Statistics and Sample Size Formulae for Comparative Binomial Trials with Null Hypothesis of Non-Zero Risk Difference or Non-Unity Relative Risk," Statistics in Medicine, 9, 1447–1454.

Fienberg, S. E. (1980), The Analysis of Cross-Classified Data, Second Edition, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B., and Paik, M. C. (2003), Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, Third Edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Fleiss, J. L. and Cohen, J. (1973), "The Equivalence of Weighted Kappa and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient as Measures of Reliability," Educational and Psychological Measurement, 33, 613–619.

Fleiss, J. L., Cohen, J., and Everitt, B. S. (1969), "Large-Sample Standard Errors of Kappa and Weighted Kappa," Psychological Bulletin, 72, 323–327.

Freeman, G. H. and Halton, J. H. (1951), "Note on an Exact Treatment of Contingency, Goodness of Fit and Other Problems of Significance," Biometrika, 38, 141–149.

Friendly, M. (2000), Visualizing Categorical Data, Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Gail, M. and Mantel, N. (1977), "Counting the Number of Contingency Tables with Fixed Margins," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 72, 859–862.

Gail, M. and Simon, R. (1985), "Tests for Qualitative Interactions between Treatment Effects and Patient Subsets," Biometrics, 41, 361–372.

Gart, J. J. (1971), "The Comparison of Proportions: A Review of Significance Tests, Confidence Intervals, and Adjustments for Stratification," Review of the International Statistical Institute, 39(2), 148–169.

Gart, J. J. and Nam, J. (1988), "Approximate Interval Estimation of the Ratio of Binomial Parameters: A Review and Corrections for Skewness," Biometrics, 44, 323–338.

Goodman, L. A. and Kruskal, W. H. (1979), Measures of Association for Cross Classification, New York: Springer-Verlag.

Greenland, S. and Robins, J. M. (1985), "Estimators of the Mantel-Haenszel Variance Consistent in Both Sparse Data and Large-Strata Limiting Models," Biometrics, 42, 311–323.

Haldane, J. B. S. (1955), "The Estimation and Significance of the Logarithm of a Ratio of Frequencies," Annals of Human Genetics, 20, 309–314.

Hauck, W. W. and Anderson, S. (1986), "A Comparison of Large-Sample Confidence Interval Methods for the Difference of Two Binomial Probabilities," The American Statistician, 40, 318–322.

Hirji, K. F. (2006), Exact Analysis of Discrete Data, Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.

Hirji, K. F., Vollset, S. E., Reis, I. M., and Afifi, A. A. (1996), "Exact Tests for Interaction in Several Tables," Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 5, 209–224.

Hollander, M. and Wolfe, D. A. (1999), Nonparametric Statistical Methods, Second Edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Jones, M. P., O’Gorman, T. W., Lemka, J. H., and Woolson, R. F. (1989), "A Monte Carlo Investigation of Homogeneity Tests of the Odds Ratio Under Various Sample Size Configurations," Biometrics, 45, 171–181.

Kendall, M. (1955), Rank Correlation Methods, Second Edition, London: Charles Griffin and Co.

Kendall, M. and Stuart, A. (1979), The Advanced Theory of Statistics, vol. 2, New York: Macmillan.

Kleinbaum, D. G., Kupper, L. L., and Morgenstern, H. (1982), Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods, Research Methods Series, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Landis, R. J., Heyman, E. R., and Koch, G. G. (1978), "Average Partial Association in Three-way Contingency Tables: A Review and Discussion of Alternative Tests," International Statistical Review, 46, 237–254.

Leemis, L. M. and Trivedi, K. S. (1996), "A Comparison of Approximate Interval Estimators for the Bernoulli Parameter," The American Statistician, 50, 63–68.

Lehmann, E. L. (1975), Nonparametrics: Statistical Methods Based on Ranks, San Francisco: Holden-Day.

Liebetrau, A. M. (1983), Measures of Association, Quantitative Application in the Social Sciences, vol. 32, Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.

Mack, G. A. and Skillings, J. H. (1980), "A Friedman-Type Rank Test for Main Effects in a Two-Factor ANOVA," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 75, 947–951.

Mantel, N. (1963), "Chi-square Tests with One Degree of Freedom: Extensions of the Mantel-Haenszel Procedure," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58, 690–700.

Mantel, N. and Fleiss, J. L. (1980), "Minimum Expected Cell Size Requirements for the Mantel-Haenszel One-Degree-of-Freedom Chi-Square Test and a Related Rapid Procedure," American Journal of Epidemiology, 112, 129–134.

Mantel, N. and Haenszel, W. (1959), "Statistical Aspects of the Analysis of Data from Retrospective Studies of Disease," Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 22, 719–748.

Margolin, B. H. (1988), "Test for Trend in Proportions," in Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, vol. 9, ed. S. Kotz and N. L. Johnson, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 334-336.

McNemar, Q. (1947), "Note on the Sampling Error of the Difference Between Correlated Proportions or Percentages," Psychometrika, 12, 153–157.

Mehta, C. R. and Patel, N. R. (1983), "A Network Algorithm for Performing Fisher’s Exact Test in Contingency Tables," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 78, 427–434.

Mehta, C. R., Patel, N. R., and Gray, R. (1985), "On Computing an Exact Confidence Interval for the Common Odds Ratio in Several Contingency Tables," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 80, 969–973.

Mehta, C. R., Patel, N. R., and Senchaudhuri, P. (1991), "Exact Stratified Linear Rank Tests for Binary Data," Computing Science and Statistics: Proceedings of the 23rd Symposium on the Interface, ed. E.M. Keramidas, 200–207.

Mehta, C. R., Patel, N. R., and Tsiatis, A. A. (1984), "Exact Significance Testing to Establish Treatment Equivalence with Ordered Categorical Data," Biometrics, 40, 819–825.

Mietinnen, O. and Nurminen, M. (1985), "Comparative Analysis of Two Rates," Statistics in Medicine, 4, 213–226.

Narayanan, A. and Watts, D. (1996), "Exact Methods in the NPAR1WAY Procedure," in Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual SAS Users Group International Conference, Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc., 1290–1294.

Newcombe, R. G. (1998), "Two-sided Confidence Intervals for the Single Proportion: Comparison of Seven Methods," Statistics in Medicine, 17, 857–872.

Newcombe, R. G. (1998), "Interval Estimation for the Difference Between Independent Proportions: Comparison of Eleven Methods," Statistics in Medicine, 17, 873–890.

Olsson, U. (1979), "Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Polychoric Correlation Coefficient," Psychometrika, 12, 443–460.

Pirie, W. (1983), "Jonckheere Tests for Ordered Alternatives," in Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, vol. 4, ed. S. Kotz and N. L. Johnson, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 315-318.

Radlow, R. and Alf, E. F. (1975), "An Alternate Multinomial Assessment of the Accuracy of the Chi-Square Test of Goodness of Fit," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 70, 811–813.

Robins, J. M., Breslow, N., and Greenland, S. (1986), "Estimators of the Mantel-Haenszel Variance Consistent in Both Sparse Data and Large-Strata Limiting Models," Biometrics, 42, 311–323.

Santner, T. J., Pradhan, V., Senchaudhuri, P., Mehta, C. R., and Tamhane, A. (2007), "Small-Sample Comparisons of Confidence Intervals for the Difference of Two Independent Binomial Proportions," Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 51, 5791–5799.

Santner, T. J. and Snell, M. K. (1980), "Small-Sample Confidence Intervals for and in Contingency Tables," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 75, 386–394.

Schuirmann, D. J. (1987), "A Comparison of the Two One-Sided Tests Procedure and the Power Approach for Assessing the Equivalence of Average Bioavailability," Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, 15, 657–680.

Schuirmann, D. J. (1999), "Confidence Interval Methods for Bioequivalence Testing with Binomial Endpoints," Proceedings of the Biopharmaceutical Section, ASA, 227–232.

Silvapulle, M. J. (2001), "Tests Against Qualitative Interaction: Exact Critical Values and Robust Tests," Biometrics, 57, 1157–1165.

Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. (1989), Statistical Methods, Eighth Edition, Ames: Iowa State University Press.

Somers, R. H. (1962), "A New Asymmetric Measure of Association for Ordinal Variables," American Sociological Review, 27, 799–811.

Stokes, M. E., Davis, C. S., and Koch, G. G. (2000), Categorical Data Analysis Using the SAS System, Second Edition, Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Tarone, R. E. (1985), "On Heterogeneity Tests Based on Efficient Scores," Biometrika, 72, 1, 91–95.

Theil, H. (1972), Statistical Decomposition Analysis, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.

Thomas, D. G. (1971), "Algorithm AS-36. Exact Confidence Limits for the Odds Ratio in a Table," Applied Statistics, 20, 105–110.

Valz, P. D. and Thompson, M. E. (1994), "Exact Inference for Kendall’s S and Spearman’s Rho with Extensions to Fisher’s Exact Test in Contingency Tables," Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 3(4), 459–472.

van Elteren, P. H. (1960), "On the Combination of Independent Two-Sample Tests of Wilcoxon," Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute, 37, 351–361.

Vollset, S. E., Hirji, K. F., and Elashoff, R. M. (1991), "Fast Computation of Exact Confidence Limits for the Common Odds Ratio in a Series of Tables," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 86, 404–409.

Wilson, E. B. (1927), "Probable Inference, the Law of Succession, and Statistical Inference," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 22, 209–212.

Woolf, B. (1955), "On Estimating the Relationship Between Blood Group and Disease," Annals of Human Genetics, 19, 251–253.

Zelen, M. (1971), "The Analysis of Several 2 Contingency Tables," Biometrika, 58, 129–137.